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Scratch input
In computing, scratch input is an acoustic-based method of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) that takes advantage of the characteristic sound produced when a finger nail or other object is dragged over a surface, such as a table or wall. The technique is not limited to fingers; a stick or writing implements (e.g. chalk, or a pen) can also be used. The sound is often inaudible to the naked ear (i.e., silent). However, specialized microphones can digitize the sounds for interactive purposes. Scratch input was invented by Mann et al. in 2007,〔Steve Mann, "(Natural Interfaces for Musical Expression: Physiphones and a physics-based organology )", Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME07), June 6–10, New York, NY, USA.〕〔Steve Mann, Ryan Janzen, Raymond Lo, and Chris Aimone, "( Inventing new instruments based on a computational `hack' to make a badly tuned or unpitched instrument play in perfect harmony )", Proceedings of the 2007 International Computer Music Conference (ICMC2007), August 27–31, Copenhagen.〕〔Steve Mann, Ryan Janzen and Raymond Lo, "(Hyperacoustic instruments: Computer-controlled instruments that are not electrophones )", Proc. International IEEE conference (ICME 2008), Hannover, Germany, June 23–26, 2008.〕 though the term was first used by Harrison et al.〔Harrison, Chris and Hudson, Scott E. ("Scratch Input: Creating Large, Inexpensive, Unpowered and Mobile finger Input Surfaces" ). In Proceedings of the 21st Annual ACM Symposium on User interface Software and Technology. UIST '08. ACM, New York, NY, 205-208〕
==History==
A natural interface for musical expression operating on scratch input principles was first published and presented in June 2007.〔 Later that year, it was extended to an implementation on a smartphone and also a wearable computer system.〔
In 2008, the Scratch Input project〔 demonstrated a mobile device input system utilizing scratch input, simultaneously popularizing the term.〔(To Answer the Phone, Scratch Your Jeans BY PRIYA GANAPATI08.07.09 )〕 This system captured audio transmitted through a surface on which a mobile phone was placed, enabling the entire surface to be used as an input device.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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